Emulsifiable lubricant



Patented Aug. 4, 1931';

@FHCE ELMER W. ADAMS, OF HAMMOND, AND FRANCIS W. KITTRELL, OF WHITING, INDIANA, ASSIGNORS TO STANDARD OIL COMPANY, OF WHI'IING, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA EMULSIFIABLE LUBRICANT No Drawing.

This invention relates to emulsifiable lubricants which are suitable for use in the form of emulsions, as drawing lubricants and also for other purposes.

Such an emulsifiable composition may suitably comprise between and 18 percent of tallow, and from 20 to 40 percent of. alkalimetal soaps of oxidized hydrocarbon oil; to which may be added mahogany soap stock (containing 45 per cent of soap), water and mineral lubricating oil. The Water may be used in proportions of from 1 to 10 percent, the mahogany-soap stock in proportions of from 1 to 50 percent and the mineral lubricating oil in proportions of from 1 to percent.

Mahogany soaps are well known in the art and are made from the preferentially oil soluble sulfonic acids formed during the treatment of petroleum oils, particularly the heavier fractions thereof, with sulfuric acids.

Such mahogany acids may be produced as described in U. S. Patent No. 1,285,17 9 to Robert E. Humphreys, granted November 26, 1918,

or by other suitable methods.

WVe have now discovered that the alkali metal soaps of oxidized hydrocarbons are remarkably effective emulsifying agents for compositions containing tallow or the like. \Ve have found the alkali metal soaps of oxidized mineral oil, particularly white oil, to be highly suitable for this purpose. The alkali metal soaps of other oxidized hydrocarbons,

for example paraflin wax, may also be used if desired.

In addition to the alkali metal soaps of oxi- (lized hydrocarbons, we may employ other emulsifying agents, for example the so-called mahogany soaps which are produced by adding a small quantity of alkali to acid treated petroleum oil after withdrawal of sludge, and extracting with dilute alcohol or acetone. \Vhile it is preferred to employ such an additional emulsifying agent, that is not necessary since satisfactory compositions can be made with the alkali metal soaps of oxidized hydrocarbons as the only emulsifying agent.

The emulsifiable composition preferably contains a small amount of Water which assists in the dispersion of the composition for 60 use. A small amount of mineral lubricating Application filed September 4, 1928. Serial No. 303,964.

oil may be included, if desired. For example, straw oil is a suitable ingredient for a drawing lubricant.

,Such an emulsifiable composition may suitably comprise tallow between 5 and 18 per cent, alkali metal soaps ofoxidized hydrocarbon 20 to per cent, mahogany soap per cent soap) 0 to per cent, water 0 to 10 per cent, mineral lubricating oil 0 to 15 per cent, and caustic alkali sufficient to neusuitable emulsifiable composition may be prepared by omitting from the above example the mahogany soap stock and the straw oil. In such a composition the amounts of oxidized white mineral oil and sodium hydroxide, ordinarily, should be increased. Preferably, the sodium hydroxide should be used in an amount insuflicient to saponify all of the saponifiable constitutents. Ordinarily,Labout 10 percent of water should be em ployed. The necessary water may be derived from the caustic alkali which may be added in the form of a solution. If. desired from 1 to 15 percent of lubricating oil, such as straw oil, may be added.

The oxidized white oil is prepared from the white oil resulting from the treatment of a light Mid-Continent lubricating distillate with five pounds of fuming sulfuric acid per gallon. The finished oil is water white and has a viscosity of about 100 sec. Saybolt at 100 F. The white oil may suitably be oxidized by blowing air therethrough at a temperature of about 300 to 320 F. for about twenty-four hours. The product is dark in color and has a neutralization value of about 52 and a saponification value of about 110 mg. potassium hydroxide per gram of oil.

In preparing the composition, the tallow, oxidized oil and mahogany soap are heated moderatel to facilitate complete mixing by stirring. he straw oil and sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution are then added and the mixture stirred with the ap lication of heat, if necessary, to complete t e neutralization and saponification. The product is a soft paste at room temperature and may be used in that form as a drawing lubricant or 7 ma be readily prepared in emulsion in water an used in that form. Such emulsions may be prepared byagitating the composition with several times its volume of warm water, for example, 5 to 10 times its volume of water. Drawing lubricant emulsions are generally used at temperatures of the order of 160 F. and at such temperatures there is a considerable tendency for the tallow to separate. The emulsions of the composition set forth above with 5 and 10 times its volume of water have been held at 164 F. for twenty-' four hours without any sign of separation of tallow.

Other substances may be added to the drawing lubricant, if desired. For example, colloidal earth, such as bentonite and wilkinite, may-suitably be added.

Although the present invention has been described in connection. with the details of a specific example thereof, it must be understood that such details are not intended to be limitations of the scope of the invention except in so far as set forth in the accompanying claims. i

We claim:

L-An emulsifiable lubricating compound comprising tallow and the alkali metal soaps of oxidized hydrocarbons. 5

2. An emulsifiable lubricant comprising animal fat and alkali metal soaps of oxidized mineral oil. E

3. An emulsifiable lubricating composition comprising animal fat and alkali metal soaps of oxidized white oil.

4. An emulsifiable lubricating 'composi-. tion comprising tallow, alkali metal soaps of oxidized hydrocarbons and a mineral lubr1 catin oil.

5. lubricating composition comprising animal fat, a soap .of oxidized mineral oil, and mahogany soap.

6. An emulsifiable lubricating composition comprising tallow, alkali-metal soaps of oxidized mineral oil and mahogany soap.

7. An emulsifiable lubricating) composition comprising tallow, mineral lu ricating oil, alkali-metal soaps of oxidized mineral oil and mahogany soap. i

8. An emulsifiable lubricating composition comprising tallow between 5 and 18 per cent, oxidized hydrocarbon oil to perfcent, mahogany soap stock per cent soap) 1 to per cent, water 1 to 10 per cent, mineral lubricating oil 1 to 15 per cent, and caustic alkali sufiicient to neutralize the oxidized hydrocarbon oil.

9. An emulsifiable lubricating com osition comprising tallow 15.5 per cent, oxi ized white oil 28.3 per cent, purified mahogany soap stock (45 per cent soap) 41.3 per cent water 6.2 per cent, straw oil 5.1 per cent, and sodium hydroxide 3.6 per cent.

10. An emulsifiable lubricating composition comprising between 5 to 18 percent of tallow, 20 to 40.percent of oxidized hydro.- carbon oil, 1 to 50 percent of mahogany soap stock (.containing 45 percent of soap), 1 to 10 percent of water and suflicient caustic alkali to neutralize the oxidized hydrocarbon o1 11. An emulsifiable lubricating composition comprising between 5 to 18 percent of tallow, 20 to 40 percent oxidized hydrocarbon 1 oil, 1 to 50 percent of mahogany soap stock (containing 45 percent of soap) and sufiicient alkali to neutralize the oxidized hydrocarbon oil.

ELMER W. ADAMS. FRANCIS KITTRELL. 

